A General Review On Cataract

Cataract is an eye disease that interrupts the vision by clouding of the lens. Commonly cataract occurs in person who have aged more than fifty. Cataract is one of the causes of blindness that can be treated by a surgery. Cataract are comes under :

• Sub capsular cataract : It occurs at the back of the lens. People with diabetes or those taking high doses of steroid medications have risk for a sub capsular cataract.
• Nuclear cataract : It forms deep in the nucleus of the lens. It usually are associated with aging.
• Cortical cataract : This type of cataract occurs in the lens cortex, which is the part of the lens that surrounds the central nucleus.

Then they are again categorized under :

• Age-related cataracts : As the name suggests, it is develops due to aging.
• Congenital cataracts : This type of cataract commonly found in children as a result of an infection, injury, or poor development before they were born, or they may develop during childhood.
• Secondary cataracts : These develop as a result of other medical conditions, like diabetes, or exposure to toxic substances, , ultraviolet light, or radiation.
• Traumatic cataracts : These form after injury to the eye.
  
  

 

Causes of Cataract

The lens inside the eye works as a camera. That focus light into retina and makes clear vision. The lens is mostly made of water and protein. As age some protein are clump together and cloud in the area of lens. That prevents the light passage through the lens that cause loss of vision. This condition is called cataracts. As time increases cloud more and make it harder to see. The risk factors of cataract are :

• U. V radiation from sunlight and other sources.
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Continuous use of corticosteroid medications
• Medications used to control cholesterol
• Previous eye injury
• Previous eye surgery
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Significant alcohol consumption
• High myopia
• Family history

Symptoms of Cataracts

Usually the symptoms of cataract is starts with loss of vision.

• Changes in the way you see color because the discolored lens acts as a filter.
• Problems driving at night such as glare from oncoming headlights.
• Problems with glare during the day.
• Double vision .
• Sudden changes in glasses prescription.

Prevention of Cataracts

No proven methods to prevent the cataract. People with history of eye problem have a greater risk of eye disease. Eat fruits and vegetables with vitamin E such as Almond, Spinach, Sun flower seed.

Cataracts Treatment

At the initial stage of vision loss it can maintain by using glasses. But in case of the severe cases cataract surgery is essential to restore the vision. In the surgery, the surgeon will remove the clouded lens and in most cases replace it with a clear, plastic intra ocular lens (IOL). Modern cataract procedures include the use of a high-frequency ultrasound device that breaks the cloudy lens into small pieces, which are then gently removed from the eye with suction.

 

Laser Cataract Surgery

These lasers have gained approval for the following steps in cataract surgery, reducing the need for surgical blades :

• Creating corneal incisions to allow the surgeon access to the lens
• Removing the anterior capsule of the lens
• Fragmenting the cataract.
• Creating peripheral corneal incisions to reduce astigmatism.

Amrit Hospital is one of the leading eye care hospital with latest technologies in Chennai.

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